Method of establishing variable conductive paths for electrical communication.



- E. B. CLEMENT.

- METHOD OF ESTABLISHING VARIABLE GONDUGTIVE PATHS FOR ELECTRICAL GOEMUNIOAT ION.

. APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 14, 1912. 1,1 03,898. Patented July 14,1914.

19 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

B. E. CLEMENT. METHOD OF ESTABLISHING VARIABLE OONDUGTIVE PATHS FOR ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION.

- APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14, I912.

,Patented July 14, 1914.

19 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

liwelz Z51.

B. E. CLEMENT. METHOD OF BSTABLISHING VABIABLE OONDUOTIVE PATHS FOR ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION.

' APPLIUATION FILED MAR. 14, 1912. 1,103,898. Patented July 14,1914.

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E. E. CLEMENT. I METHOD OF ESTABLISHING VARIABLE GONDUOTIVE PATHS FOR ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 14, 1912. 1,103,898. Patented July 14, 1914.-

19 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

755665665. lien 162w:

E. B. CLEMENT I METHOD OF ESTABLISHING VARIABLB CONDUGTIVE PATHS FOR ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION.

. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14, 1912 1,103,898. Patented July 14, 1914.

' 19 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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HE NN Nb ham E; E. CLEMENT. v

A METHOD OF ESTABLISHING VARIABLE CONDUOTIVB PATHS FOR ELECTRICAL OOMMUNIGATION.

APPLICATION FILED M11314, 1912. 1,103,898.. .PatentedJu ly14,1914.

l9 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

N F L 3% E. E. CLEMENT.

METHOD OF ESTABLISHING VARIABLE GONDUGTIVE PATHS FOR ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14, 1912.

1,103,898. Patented July 14,1914,

19 SHEETS-$311131 7.

"Eli CLEMENT.

METHOD OF ESTABLISHING VARIABLE OONDUC-TIVE PATHS FOR ELBGTRICAL COMMUNICATION; APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14, 1912.

E. E. CLEMENT.

METHOD OF ESTABLISHING VARIABLE OONDUGTIVB PATHS FOR ELECTRICAL GOMMUI IIOATION. Y APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14, 1912.

1,103,898. Patented July 14,1914.

19 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

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v. v E CLEMENT. mmnonor ESTABLISHING VARIABLE counncmvs PATHSTOR ELECTRICAL co'mmumomon. 1 APPLICATION FILED LLAR.14, 1012.

,103,898, Patented July 14, 1914,-

19 11 5B1 S.SHBET 10.

iii-g. if k ,E. B. CLEMENT. METHOD o1" ESTABLISHING VARIABLE comnucwxvn PATHS FOB. ma ma/u. oommumcmom.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR.14, 1912. v

Patented July 14,1914

B. B. CLEMENT.

METHOD OF ESTABLiSHING VARIABLE GONDUGTIVE PATHS FOR ELECTRICAL GOMMUNIG'ATION.

I I APPLIOATION FILEIVD MAB.14, 1912. I 1,103,898. Patented July 14,1914. v 19 $HEETSSHBET 12.

V E. B. CLEMENT. METHOD'OF ESTABLISHING VARIABLE GONDUQTIVE PATHS FOB. ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.14, 1912.

" Patented July 14, 1914,

19 sun's- HEET 1s.

yak/ J6 METHOD 0F ESTABLISHING VA E'.E.0LBMENT'.

APPLIOATIQN FILED MAR. 14, I912.

EIAB LE OONDUGTIVE PATHS FOR ELEGTRIGAL COMMUNICATION.

Patented July 14, 1914,

19 SHEETS-SHEET J41 Q g Q 6) Q (9 emwaeaev E. E. CLEMENT. METHOD OF ESTABLISHING VARIABLE OONDUGTIVE PATHS FOB- EIIEGTRIGAL COMMUNICATION.

APPLIGATION IILBI) 111113.14, 1912. 1,103,898. Patented July 14, 191% 19 SHEETB-SHEET 15.

E. E. CLEMENT. METHOD OF ESTABLISHING VARIABLE UONDUCTIVE PATHS FOB. ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION.

' APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14, 1912. 1,1 03,898.

Patented July 14,1914.

19 SHEETSSHEET 17.

in H E. E. CLEMENT. METBODOF'ESTABLISHING VARIABLE OONDUGTIVE PATHS FOR ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION.

' APPLIOATION FILED MAIL-14,1912. Patented July 14, 1914. 19 sums-SHEET 1a.

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I E. E. GLEMENT.

METHOD OF ESTABLISHING VARIABLE GDNDUGTIVE PATHS FOR ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION.

I APPLICATION FILED MAR. 14,1912.v 1,103,898. Patented July 14, 1914-.

19 SHEETS-SHEET 19 Emma mean s'rarnsrare EDWARD E. CLEMENT, or wasnine ron, smc ottow m.

METHOD or ESTABLISHING VARIABLE. ooNnircrIvE' PATHS" Eon statesman ooma-nnronmren. I

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Application iii-ea March 14; 1912 setmam. 83,799. j

fi o all whom/it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD E. CLEMENT,

f Washington, in the District of Columbia;

shave invented certain new and useful Im- 'provements in Methods ofv Establishing Variable Conductive Paths for vElectrical Communication, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

My invention relates to the art of electrical transmission of intelligence over wires,

, It has for its object the improvement. of

' methods for establishing.variableconduci5 tive paths for such transmission, with special reference, as herein presented, to the handling of telephone traffic. Such. meth* ods may be, very briefly stated as follows:

' (a) According to the manual method universally employed, all traflic is arbitrarily divided'in'to portions allotted and directed to operators ha-ving'a fixed and definite capacity only, each subdivided portion of the total traiiic moreover being subject to arbi- '25 trary'fluctuations in its own volume, without reference to any other portions, and be ing also affected by anygeneral causes of fluctuation in. the total volume; each 0per-- 1 ator upon receiving a trafiic unit, is forced 80 to perform a number of detail steps, vary- 'ing somewhat according to conditions, and as these steps are repeated for every unit, the summatic .result' is that the maximum volume ofxtrafic handled b one operator in a given period, as well as the average time per unit during that period, is limited by thespeed with which the several steps or operations required canbeperformed. These steps include every detail of results required 40 by good practice. Inasmuch as the predetermined'volume of traffic or work assigned to each operatoryis subject to casual variations, which may or may not affect the main volume of trafiic in the exchange, as Well as the regular diurnal variations recognized in all systems, it is necessary not only to subdivide the trafiic-or work with reference to probableimaximums or pe'aks,-but also to as i suine and arbitrarily fix a permissible maxi 0 mum forlthe operator time per unit. More specifioally stated this means that where the it be determined with respect to theypos'sible Specification of Etters Patent. Patented J 14,

maximum of calls to be'handled at that po sition, assuming the maximum waiting time. a citizen of the United. States, residing at Disregarding the question of apparatus enmany diverse'forms of apparatus), it must be apparent that this method is extremely inefficient (12) According to theso c alled automatic method, the steps inoperation for handling atratficunit as specified under (a) are performed by mechanism, and this mechanism is guided and directed by certain steps performed by the subscriber instead of by the operator. The question of subdiviin etliciency due to arbitrary subdivision are still the same;

' According to the present method, the total trafiic-is not arbitrarily subdivided as 'to definite portions thereof an-long specific "operators, but is ,distrfiuted with uniformity among all the operators, and inorder to li femovethe limitation of operator time per unit in fixing maximums, the operator'is not required to specifically perform the vnecessary steps in disposlng of each traffic unit,

but is required only to predetermine the final disposition of the unit by performing a single act ii -two correlated -mot1ons,the time for whlch is practically a constant. This not only are the possible maximum of volume per operator largely increased and the required operator time per unit reduced, but owing to the uniformity of distribution of load, the necessity for an arbitrary" maximum waiting time is eliminated and the general efiiciency thereby enormously increased. The limit of distribution aiming the operators is flexible, and is'arranged to be varied as the'gva'riations in the s'umn 'aiic traffic volume, or other .words', the mum- 'ber of operators'on duty and includedfin the uniform distribution of traiiic, is varied in,

accordance with the variations in the load curve.

More. specifically statedfzthis fne'th'od' contemplates converging calls, when initiated,

upon a-nd'distributingsaid'calls among, 001'- related interchangeable connective mocha;

- sion of trafiic among operators is thus elimi .nated, because the 'tra-fiic handled by each subscriber is only that originating with himself, and is limited by his own capacity 1 for operating. The question of subdivision of traffic among operating machines in the exchange remains however, and the losses nisms; such -118- cnnmet ve trunks :and'nnc 

